The Virgin of the Macana and the Pueblo Revolution
The Virgin of the Macana and the Pueblo Revolt Very few paintings of the Virgin of the Macana exist and they all date to the late 18th century. The virgin of the Macana is a recreation of the Virgin of Toledo that came about after the Pueblo Revolution. The Pueblo Revolution was the first revolution on American soil as well as the first successful Indigenous peoples armed rebellion. The goal of the Pueblo revolution was to expel Spanish colonial forces. Christianized and non-christianized Indigenous people formed this rebellion. Casualties included 21 Franciscan missionaries and 400 Spanish colonists. Many of the expressions in this painting appeal to Spanish colonial forces and their right of passage rather than the suffrage of the indigenous people, such as Mary's wounded head, blamed on the hanging native, and the few natives submitting to christian conquest. A specifically interesting version of the Virgin of the Macana lives at the New Mexico History Museum....